Description
The Y chromosome DNA testing enables examination of the male-specific portion of biological evidence. This capability can be especially important in situations where a small amount of male DNA may be recovered in the presence of excess female DNA, such as in sexual assault evidence. Y chromosome analysis can also benefit missing persons investigations as it extends the range of potential reference samples. Since fathers pass their Y chromosome onto their sons unchanged (except for an occasional mutation), all males in a paternal lineage will possess a common Y chromosome haplotype.
A core set of Y chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci have been selected for use in human identification applications. The core Y-STR loci were recommended by the SWGDAM Y chromosome subcommittee in 2003 and include the following: DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, DYS439, and the multi-copy locus DYS385 a/b. Commercial kits now exist that can co-amplify all of the core Y-STR loci in a single multiplex reaction. Several groups are also exploring additional Y-STR loci that have the potential to improve the power of discrimination for Y-STR testing.
Research Projects
The table below presents awards funded both prior to and under the the President's DNA Initiative, which began in 2004.
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| Year | Title | Awardee | Amount | Award Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | Y Chromosome Whole Genome Analysis Strategies: Improved Detection of Male DNA | University of Central Florida | $324,705 | 2007-DN-BX-K147 |
| 2004 | Validation of Y Chromosome STR Multiplexes for Operational Use | University of Central Florida | $519,964 | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| 2003 | Forensic Applications of Y-Chromosome STR's and SNP's | Arizona Board of Regents, University of Arizona | $430,140 | 2000-IJ-CX-K006 |
| 2000 | Forensic Applications of Y-Chromosome STR's and SNP's | Arizona Board of Regents, University of Arizona | $551,418 | 2000-IJ-CX-K006 |
| 1997 | Development of the Human Y Chromosome as a Forensic Tool | University of Arizona | $147,529 | 1997-LB-VX-0010 |
Research Articles and Reports
Select a title to view an abstract from PubMed database (National Library of Medicine's) unless a different file type is indicated.
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| Title | Authors | Publication | Awardee | Award Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetic structure among 38 populations from the United States based on 11 U.S. core Y chromosome STRs. | Redd AJ, Chamberlain VF, Kearney VF, Stover D, Karafet T, Calderon K, Walsh B, Hammer MF. | J Forensic Sci. 2006 May; 51(3):580-5. | Arizona Board of Regents, University of Arizona | 2000-IJ-CX-K006 |
| A novel multiplex for simultaneous amplification of 20 Y chromosome STR markers. | Butler JM, Schoske R, Vallone PM, Kline MC, Redd AJ, Hammer MF. | Forensic Sci Int. 2002 Sep 10; 129(1):10-24. | Arizona Board of Regents, University of Arizona | 2000-IJ-CX-K006 |
| Forensic value of 14 novel STRs on the human Y chromosome. | Redd AJ, Agellon AB, Kearney VA, Contreras VA, Karafet T, Park H, de Knijff P, Butler JM, Hammer MF. | Forensic Sci Int. 2002 Dec 4; 130(2-3):97-111. | Arizona Board of Regents, University of Arizona | 2000-IJ-CX-K006 |
| Y-STR concordance study between Y-Plex5, Y-Plex6, Y-Plex12, PowerplexY, Y-Filer, MPI, and MPII. | Gross AM, Berdos P, Ballantyne J | J Forensic Sci. 2006 Nov; 51(6):1423-8. | University of Central Florida | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| Comprehensive annotated STR physical map of the human Y chromosome: Forensic implications | Hanson EK, Ballantyne J | Legal Medicine. 2006 Mar; 8(2):110-20 | University of Central Florida | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| A highly discriminating 21 locus Y-STR "megaplex" system designed to augment the minimal haplotype loci for forensic casework. | Hanson EK, Ballantyne J. | J Forensic Sci. 2004 Jan; 49(1):40-51. | University of Central Florida | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| SWGDAM developmental validation of a 19-locus Y-STR system for forensic casework. | Daniels DL, Hall AM, Ballantyne J. | J Forensic Sci. 2004 Jul; 49(4):668-83. | University of Central Florida | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| Novel Y-STR typing strategies reveal the genetic profile of the semen donor in extended interval post-coital cervicovaginal samples. | Hall A, Ballantyne J. | Forensic Sci Int. 2003 Sep 9; 136(1-3):58-72 | University of Central Florida | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| The development of an 18-locus Y-STR system for forensic casework. | Hall A, Ballantyne J. | Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003 Aug; 376(8):1234-46. | University of Central Florida | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| Duplication of DYS19 flanking regions in other parts of the Y chromosome. | Butler JM and Schoske R | Int J Legal Med. 2004 Jun; 118(3):178-83 | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 1999-IJ-R-A094 |
| Multiplexed assays for evaluation of Y-SNP markers in U.S. populations. (pdf, 3 pages) | Vallone, P.M. and Butler, J.M. | Progress in Forensic Genetics 10, Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, International Congress Series 2004; 1261, 85-87. | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 1999-IJ-R-A094 |
| Y-SNP typing of U.S. African American and Caucasian samples using allele-specific hybridization and primer extension. | Vallone PM, Butler JM. | J Forensic Sci. 2004 Jul; 49(4):723-32. | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 1999-IJ-R-A094 |
| Highly multiplexed assays for measuring polymorphisms on the Y-chromosome (pdf, 5 pages) | Butler HM, Schoske R, Vallone PM | Progress in Forensic Genetics 9 (Brinkmann, B. and Carracedo, A., eds.), Elsevier Science: Amsterdamn, The Netherlands, International Congress Series 1239, pp. 301-305 2003 | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 1999-IJ-R-A094 |
| Multiplex PCR design strategy used for the simultaneous amplification of 10 Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STR) loci. | Schoske R, Vallone PM, Ruitberg CM, Butler JM. | Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003 Feb; 375(3):333-43. | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 1999-IJ-R-A094 |
| Recent developments in Y-short tandem repeat and Y-single nucleotide polymorphism analysis (pdf, 21 pages) | Butler JM | Forensic. Sci. Rev. 2003 15:91-111 | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 1999-IJ-R-A094 |
| Allele frequencies for 27 Y-STR loci with U.S. Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic samples. | Butler JM, Decker AE, Vallone PM, Kline MC. | Forensic Sci Int. 2006 Jan 27; 156(2-3):250-60. | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 2003-IJ-R-029 |
| DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG): an update of the recommendations on the use of Y-STRs in forensic analysis. | Gusmao L, Butler JM, Carracedo A, Gill P, Kayser M, Mayr WR, Morling N, Prinz M, Roewer L, Tyler-Smith C, Schneider PM. | Int J Legal Med. 2005 Aug 26; :1-10 | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 2003-IJ-R-029 |
| U.S. population data for the multi-copy Y-STR locus DYS464. | Butler JM, Schoske R. | J Forensic Sci. 2005 Jul; 50(4):975-7 | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 2003-IJ-R-029 |
| Chromosomal duplications along the Y-chromosome and their potential impact on Y-STR interpretation. | Butler JM, Decker AE, Kline MC, Vallone PM | J Forensic Sci. 2005 Jul; 50(4):853-9. | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 2003-IJ-R-029 |
| High-throughput Y-STR typing of U.S. populations with 27 regions of the Y chromosome using two multiplex PCR assays. | Schoske R, Vallone PM, Kline MC, Redman JW, Butler JM. | Forensic Sci Int. 2004 Jan 28; 139(2-3):107-21. | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 1999-IJ-R-A094 |
| Locus-specific brackets for reliable typing of Y-chromosome short tandem repeat markers. | Butler JM, Appleby JE, Duewer DL. | J Forensic Sci. 2000 Jan; 45(1):118-46. | National Institute of Standards and Technology | 2003-IJ-R-029 |
| Testing and evaluation of 43 "noncore" Y chromosome markers for forensic casework applications. | Hanson EK, Berdos PN, Ballantyne J. | J Forensic Sci. 2006 Nov; 51(6):1298-314. | University of Central Florida | 1998-IJ-CX-K003 |
| Forensic Applications of Y Chromosome STRs and SNPs (pdf, 51 pages) | Michael Hammer and Alan J. Redd | Final Grant Report | Arizona Board of Regents, University of Arizona | 2000-IJ-CX-K006 |
